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Attack Roll Modifiers
| Attacker is... | Melee | Ranged |
|---|---|---|
| Dazzled | -1 | -1 |
| Entangled | -2§ | -2§ |
| Flanking defender | +2 | |
| Invisible | +2† | +2† |
| On higher ground | +1 | +0 |
| Prone | -4 | ‡ |
| Shaken or frightened | -2 | -2 |
| Squeezing through a space | -4 | -4 |
§ An entangled character also takes a -4 penalty to Dexterity, which may affect his attack roll.
† The defender loses any Dexterity bonus to AC. This bonus doesn’t apply if the target is blinded.
‡ Most ranged weapons can’t be used while the attacker is prone, but you can use a crossbow
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or shuriken while prone at no penalty.
Armor Class Modifiers
| Defender is... | Melee | Ranged |
|---|---|---|
| Behind cover | +4 | +4 |
| Blinded | -2§ | -2§ |
| Concealed or invisible | See section Concealment | |
| Cowering | -2§ | -2§ |
| Entangled | +0† | +0† |
| Flat-footed (such as surprised, balancing, climbing) | +0§ | +0§ |
| Grappling (but attacker is not) | +0§ | +0§‡ |
| Helpless (such as paralyzed, sleeping, or bound) | -4• | +0• |
| Kneeling or sitting | -2 | +2 |
| Pinned | -4• | +0• |
| Prone | -4 | +4 |
| Squeezing through a space | -4 | -4 |
| Stunned | -2§ | -2§ |
§ The defender loses any Dexterity bonus to AC.
† An entangled character takes a -4 penalty to Dexterity.
‡ Roll randomly to see which grappling combatant you strike. That defender loses any Dexterity bonus to AC.
• Treat the defender’s Dexterity as 0 (-5 modifier). Rogues, arcane tricksters, assassins, and blackguards can sneak attack helpless or pinned defenders.