In this period one notes the attempt by some of the greatest civilizations to develop at the expense of the freedom of others, trade and cultural exchanges flourish. The production of instruments evolves to the point of allowing the metallurgy of most natural materials and the first alloys.
- Weaponry: Weapons with stone points, wooden spears, bows and clubs, white weapons with metal blades and construction of various war machines.
- Communication: Use of verbal forms, production and elite diffusion of handwritten texts.
- Handcraft: All that was possible during Bronze Age; construction of defense systems made up of embankments, fortresses and walls that wind for hundreds of kilometers.
- Medicine: Use of all available and useful herbs, metal instruments, first examples of surgery.
- Social Organization: Clan, Oligarchy, Monarchy, Theocracy, Democracy, Feudalism.
- Food Production: All that was possible during Bronze Age.
- Religion: Pantheism, Monotheism.
- Resources Exploitation: All that was possible during Bronze Age, with strengthening in the exploitation of the mines.
- Transport: Animals are used both as mounts and to pull carts and the like; construction of ships increasingly suitable for sea-going navigation; construction of important paved roads, which facilitate the movement of goods and troops.
